python外星人入侵小游戲

源代碼下載：https://download.csdn.net/download/ITCSDN_/13028739
注意看一下我寫的注意點。
要做的話，請看下邊的文章：
游戲準備：

項目結構如圖所示：

首先建立以下對應的文件。

項目中具體代碼：

（1）alien.py中的代碼：

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Spriteclass Alien(Sprite):"""表示單個外星人的類"""def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen):"""初始化外星人并設置其起始位置"""super(Alien, self).__init__()self.screen = screenself.ai_settings = ai_settings# 加載外星人圖像，并設置其rect屬性self.image = pygame.image.load(r'F:\python_proj\images\alien.bmp')self.rect = self.image.get_rect()# 每個外星人最初都在屏幕左上角附近self.rect.x = self.rect.widthself.rect.y = self.rect.height# 存儲外星人的準確位置self.x = float(self.rect.x)def blitme(self):"""在指定位置繪制外星人"""self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)def update(self):"""向左或向右移動外星人"""self.x += (self.ai_settings.alien_speed_factor *self.ai_settings.fleet_direction)self.rect.x = self.xdef check_edges(self):"""如果外星人位于屏幕邊緣，就返回True"""screen_rect = self.screen.get_rect()if self.rect.right >= screen_rect.right:return Trueelif self.rect.left <= 0:return True

（2）alien_invasion.py中的代碼：

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Groupfrom settings import Settings
from ship import Ship
from alien import Alien
from game_status import GameStats
from button import Button
from scoreboard import Scoreboardimport game_functions as gfdef run_game():# 初始化pygame、設置和屏幕對象pygame.init()ai_settings = Settings()screen = pygame.display.set_mode((ai_settings.screen_width, ai_settings.screen_height))pygame.display.set_caption("Alien Invasion")# 創建Play按鈕play_button = Button(ai_settings, screen, "Play")# 創建一個用于存儲游戲統計信息的實例stats = GameStats(ai_settings)# 創建存儲游戲統計信息的實例，并創建記分牌sb = Scoreboard(ai_settings, screen, stats)# 創建一艘飛船ship = Ship(ai_settings, screen)# 創建一個用于存儲子彈的編組bullets = Group()# 創建一個用于存儲外星人的編組aliens = Group()# 創建外星人群gf.create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)# 創建一個外星人alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)# 開始游戲的主循環while True:gf.check_events(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship,aliens, bullets)if stats.game_active:ship.update()gf.update_bullets(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens,bullets)gf.update_aliens(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens,bullets)gf.update_screen(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens,bullets, play_button)run_game()

（3）bullet.py中的代碼：

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Spriteclass Bullet(Sprite):"""對飛船發射的子彈進行管理的類"""def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, ship):"""在飛船所處的位置創建一個子彈對象"""super(Bullet, self).__init__()self.screen = screen# 在(0,0)處創建一個表示子彈的矩形，在設置正確的位置self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, ai_settings.bullet_width,ai_settings.bullet_height)self.rect.centerx = ship.rect.centerxself.rect.top = ship.rect.top# 存儲用小數表示的子彈位置self.y = float(self.rect.y)self.color = ai_settings.bullet_colorself.speed_factor = ai_settings.bullet_speed_factordef update(self):"""向上移動子彈"""# 更新表示子彈位置的小數值self.y -= self.speed_factor# 更新表示子彈的rect位置self.rect.y = self.ydef draw_bullet(self):"""在屏幕上繪制子彈"""pygame.draw.rect(self.screen, self.color, self.rect)

（4）button.py中的代碼：

import pygame.fontclass Button():def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, msg):"""初始化按鈕的屬性"""self.screen = screenself.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()# 設置按鈕的尺寸和其他屬性self.width, self.height = 200, 50self.button_color = (0, 255, 0)self.text_color = (255, 255, 255)self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)# 創建按鈕的rect對象，并使其居中self.rect = pygame.Rect(0, 0, self.width, self.height)self.rect.center = self.screen_rect.center# 按鈕的標簽只需要創建一次self.prep_msg(msg)def prep_msg(self, msg):"""將msg渲染為圖像，并使其在按鈕上居中"""self.msg_image = self.font.render(msg, True, self.text_color,self.button_color)self.msg_image_rect = self.msg_image.get_rect()self.msg_image_rect.center = self.rect.centerdef draw_button(self):# 繪制一個用顏色填充的按鈕，在繪制文本self.screen.fill(self.button_color, self.rect)self.screen.blit(self.msg_image, self.msg_image_rect)

（5）game_functions.py中的代碼：

import sysimport pygame
from time import sleepfrom bullet import Bullet
from alien import Aliendef check_events(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens, bullets):"""響應按鍵和鼠標事件"""for event in pygame.event.get():if event.type == pygame.QUIT:sys.exit()elif event.type == pygame.KEYDOWN:check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)elif event.type == pygame.KEYUP:check_keyup_events(event, ship)elif event.type == pygame.MOUSEBUTTONDOWN:mouse_x, mouse_y = pygame.mouse.get_pos()check_play_button(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button,ship, aliens, bullets, mouse_x, mouse_y)def check_play_button(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, play_button, ship, aliens,bullets, mouse_x, mouse_y):"""玩家在單擊Play的時候開始游戲"""button_clicked = play_button.rect.collidepoint(mouse_x, mouse_y)if button_clicked and not stats.game_active:# 重置游戲設置ai_settings.initialize_dynamic_settings()# 隱藏光標pygame.mouse.set_visible(False)# 重置游戲統計信息stats.reset_stats()stats.game_active = True# 重置記分牌圖像sb.prep_score()sb.prep_high_score()sb.prep_level()sb.prep_ships()# 清空外星人列表和子彈列表aliens.empty()bullets.empty()# 創建一群新的外星人，并將飛船放到屏幕底端中央create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)ship.center_ship()def update_screen(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets, play_button):"""更新屏幕上的圖像，并切換到新屏幕"""# 每次循環時都重繪屏幕screen.fill(ai_settings.bg_color)# 在飛船和外星人后面重繪所有子彈for bullet in bullets.sprites():bullet.draw_bullet()ship.blitme()aliens.draw(screen)# 顯示得分sb.show_score()# 如果游戲處于非活動狀態，就繪制Play按鈕if not stats.game_active:play_button.draw_button()# 讓最近繪制的屏幕可見pygame.display.flip()def update_bullets(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):"""更新子彈的位置，并刪除已消失的子彈"""# 更新子彈的位置bullets.update()# 刪除已消失的子彈for bullet in bullets.copy():if bullet.rect.bottom <= 0:bullets.remove(bullet)check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)def check_bullet_alien_collisions(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb,ship, aliens, bullets):"""響應子彈和外星人的碰撞"""# 檢查是否有子彈擊中了外星人# 如果是，就刪除對應的子彈和外星人collisions = pygame.sprite.groupcollide(bullets, aliens, True, True)if collisions:for aliens in collisions.values():stats.score += ai_settings.alien_points* len(aliens)sb.prep_score()check_high_score(stats, sb)if len(aliens) == 0:# 刪除現有的子彈并創建一群外星人bullets.empty()ai_settings.increase_speed()# 提高等級stats.level += 1sb.prep_level()create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)def check_keydown_events(event, ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):"""響應按鍵"""if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:# 向右向左移動飛船ship.moving_right = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:ship.moving_left = Trueelif event.key == pygame.K_SPACE:fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets)elif event.key == pygame.K_q:sys.exit()def check_keyup_events(event, ship):"""響應松開"""if event.key == pygame.K_RIGHT:# 松開右鍵或左鍵時不移動飛船ship.moving_right = Falseelif event.key == pygame.K_LEFT:ship.moving_left = Falsedef fire_bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship, bullets):"""如果還沒有到達限制，就發射一顆子彈"""# 創建新子彈，并將其加入到編組bullets中if len(bullets) < ai_settings.bullets_allowed:# 創建一顆子彈，并將其加入到編組bullets中new_bullet = Bullet(ai_settings, screen, ship)bullets.add(new_bullet)def check_high_score(stats, sb):"""檢查是否誕生了最高得分"""if stats.score > stats.high_score:stats.high_score = stats.scoresb.prep_high_score()###############################aliens#####################################def create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens):"""創建一個外星人群"""# 創建一個外星人，并計算一行可以容納多少個外星人# 外星人間距為外星人寬度alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)number_aliens_x = get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien.rect.width)number_rows = get_number_rows(ai_settings, ship.rect.height,alien.rect.height)# 創建外星人群for row_number in range(number_rows):# 創建第一行外星人for alien_number in range(number_aliens_x):# 創建一個外星人并加入當前行create_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number,row_number)def get_number_aliens_x(ai_settings, alien_width):"""計算每行可以容納多少個外星人"""available_space_x = ai_settings.screen_width - 2 * alien_widthnumber_aliens_x = int(available_space_x / (2 * alien_width))return number_aliens_xdef create_alien(ai_settings, screen, aliens, alien_number, row_number):"""創建一個外星人并將其放在當前行"""alien = Alien(ai_settings, screen)alien_width = alien.rect.widthalien.x = alien_width + 2 * alien_width * alien_numberalien.rect.x = alien.xalien.rect.y = alien.rect.height + 2 * alien.rect.height * row_numberaliens.add(alien)def get_number_rows(ai_settings, ship_height, alien_height):"""計算屏幕可以容納多少行外星人"""available_space_y = (ai_settings.screen_height -(3 * alien_height) - ship_height)number_rows = int(available_space_y / (2 * alien_height))return number_rowsdef check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens):"""有外星人到達邊緣時采取相應的措施"""for alien in aliens.sprites():if alien.check_edges():change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens)breakdef change_fleet_direction(ai_settings, aliens):"""將整個外星人下移，并改變它們的方向"""for alien in aliens.sprites():alien.rect.y += ai_settings.fleet_drop_speedai_settings.fleet_direction *= -1def update_aliens(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):"""檢查是否有外星人位于屏幕邊緣，并更新整群外星人的位置"""check_fleet_edges(ai_settings, aliens)aliens.update()# 檢查外星人和飛船之間的碰撞if pygame.sprite.spritecollideany(ship, aliens):ship_hit(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)# 檢查是否有外星人到達屏幕底部check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)def ship_hit(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):"""響應被外星人撞到的飛船"""if stats.ships_left > 0:# 將ships_left減1stats.ships_left -= 1# 更新記分牌sb.prep_ships()else:stats.game_active = Falsepygame.mouse.set_visible(True)# 清空外星人列表和子彈列表aliens.empty()bullets.empty()# 創建一群新的外星人，并將飛船放到屏幕底端中央create_fleet(ai_settings, screen, ship, aliens)ship.center_ship()# 暫停sleep(2)def check_aliens_bottom(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets):"""檢查是否有外星人到達了屏幕底端"""screen_rect = screen.get_rect()for alien in aliens.sprites():if alien.rect.bottom >= screen_rect.bottom:# 像飛船被撞到一樣進行處理ship_hit(ai_settings, screen, stats, sb, ship, aliens, bullets)break

（6）game_status.py中的代碼：

class GameStats():"""跟蹤游戲的統計信息"""def __init__(self, ai_settings):"""初始化統計信息"""self.ai_settings = ai_settingsself.reset_stats()# 游戲啟動時處于非活動狀態self.game_active = False# 在任何情況下都不應該重置最高得分self.high_score = 0def reset_stats(self):"""初始化在游戲運行期間可能變化的統計信息"""self.ships_left = self.ai_settings.ship_limitself.score = 0self.level = 1

（7）scoreboard.py中的代碼：

import pygame.font
from pygame.sprite import Groupfrom ship import Shipclass Scoreboard():"""顯示得分信息的分類"""def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen, stats):"""初始化顯示得分涉及的屬性"""self.screen = screenself.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()self.ai_settings = ai_settingsself.stats = stats# 顯示得分信息時使用的字體設置self.text_color = (30, 30, 30)self.font = pygame.font.SysFont(None, 48)# 準備初始得分圖像self.prep_score()# 準備包含最高得分圖像self.prep_high_score()# 顯示當前等級self.prep_level()# 顯示飛船編組self.prep_ships()def prep_score(self):"""將得分轉換為一幅渲染的圖像"""rounded_score = int(round(self.stats.score, -1))score_str = "{:,}".format(rounded_score)self.score_image = self.font.render(score_str, True, self.text_color,self.ai_settings.bg_color)# 將得分放在右上角self.score_rect = self.score_image.get_rect()self.score_rect.right = self.screen_rect.right - 20self.score_rect.top = 20def prep_high_score(self):"""將最高得分轉換為一幅渲染的圖像"""high_score = int(round(self.stats.high_score, -1))high_score_str = "{:,}".format(high_score)self.high_score_image = self.font.render(high_score_str, True,self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color)# 將最高得分放在屏幕頂部中央self.high_score_rect = self.high_score_image.get_rect()self.high_score_rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerxself.high_score_rect.top = self.score_rect.topdef prep_level(self):"""將等級轉換為一幅渲染的圖像"""self.level_image = self.font.render(str(self.stats.level), True,self.text_color, self.ai_settings.bg_color)# 將等級放在得分下方self.level_rect = self.level_image.get_rect()self.level_rect.right = self.score_rect.rightself.level_rect.top = self.score_rect.bottom + 10def prep_ships(self):"""顯示還剩下多少艘飛船"""self.ships = Group()for ship_number in range(self.stats.ships_left):ship = Ship(self.ai_settings, self.screen)ship.rect.x = 10 + ship_number * ship.rect.widthship.rect.y = 10self.ships.add(ship)def show_score(self):"""在屏幕上顯示得分"""self.screen.blit(self.score_image, self.score_rect)# 在屏幕上顯示最高得分self.screen.blit(self.high_score_image, self.high_score_rect)# 顯示等級self.screen.blit(self.level_image, self.level_rect)# 繪制飛船self.ships.draw(self.screen)

（8）settings.py中的代碼：

class Settings():"""存儲《外星人入侵》的所有設置的類"""def __init__(self):"""初始化游戲的設置"""# 屏幕設置self.screen_width = 1200self.screen_height = 800self.bg_color = (230, 230, 230)# 飛船的位置self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5self.ship_limit = 3# 子彈設置self.bullet_speed_factor = 10  # 子彈速度self.bullet_width = 3  # 子彈寬度self.bullet_height = 15  # 子彈高度self.bullet_color = (60, 60, 60)  # 子彈顏色self.bullets_allowed = 10  # 允許子彈最大數量# 外星人設置self.alien_speed_factor = 1self.fleet_drop_speed = 5# fleet_direction為1表示向右移動，為-1表示向左移動self.fleet_direction = 1# 以什么樣的速度加快游戲節奏self.speedup_scale = 1.1# 外星人點數的提高速度self.score_scale = 1.5self.initialize_dynamic_settings()def initialize_dynamic_settings(self):"""初始化隨游戲進行而變化的設置"""self.ship_speed_factor = 1.5self.bullet_speed_factor = 3self.alien_speed_factor = 1# fleet_direction為1表示向右，為-1表示向左self.fleet_direction = 1# 計分self.alien_points = 50def increase_speed(self):"""提高速度設置"""self.ship_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scaleself.bullet_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scaleself.alien_speed_factor *= self.speedup_scaleself.alien_points = int(self.alien_points * self.score_scale)

（9）ship.py中的代碼：

import pygame
from pygame.sprite import Spriteclass Ship(Sprite):def __init__(self, ai_settings, screen):"""初始化飛船并設置其初始位置"""super(Ship, self).__init__()self.screen = screenself.ai_settings = ai_settings# 加載宇宙飛船圖像并獲取其外接矩形self.image = pygame.image.load(r'F:\python_proj\images\ship.bmp')self.rect = self.image.get_rect()self.screen_rect = screen.get_rect()# 將每搜新飛船放在屏幕底部中央self.rect.centerx = self.screen_rect.centerxself.rect.bottom = self.screen_rect.bottom# 在飛船的屬性center中存儲最小值self.center = float(self.rect.centerx)# 移動標志self.moving_right = Falseself.moving_left = Falsedef update(self):"""根據移動標志調整飛船的位置"""# 更新飛船center值，而不是rectif self.moving_right and self.rect.right < self.screen_rect.right:self.center += self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factorif self.moving_left and self.rect.left > 0:self.center -= self.ai_settings.ship_speed_factor# 根據self.center更新rect對象self.rect.centerx = self.centerdef blitme(self):"""在指定位置繪制飛船"""self.screen.blit(self.image, self.rect)def center_ship(self):"""讓飛船在屏幕居中"""self.center = self.screen_rect.centerx

注意點：

pygame外星人入侵，（1）如果出現import導入包錯誤，就是模塊找不到，參見https://editor.csdn.net/md/?articleId=109144656中所提到的可能出現的bug。

（2）在alien.py和ship.py中有圖片導入的路徑，需要自己更改。
（3）運行項目時，alien_invasion.py文件中run_game()是入口，我是用pycharm編寫的，在該文件頁面運行即可。

具體的代碼我已經上傳CSDN，可以免費下載。
https://download.csdn.net/download/ITCSDN_/13028739

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楠哥-------一心想為IT行業添磚加瓦，卻總是面向cv編程的程序員。
??謝謝閱讀，無誤點贊，有誤還望評論區指正。

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